PatchSizePilot
Emanuele Giacomuzzo
2022-08-03
PatchSizePilot
Overview
Recap
Meta-ecosystems have been studied looking at meta-ecosystems in which patch size was the same. However, of course, we know that meta-ecosystems are mad out of patches that have different size. To see the effects of patch size on meta-ecosystem properties, we ran a four weeks protist experiment in which different ecosystems were connected through the flow of nutrients. The flow of nutrients resulted from a perturbation of the ecosystems in which a fixed part of the cultures was boiled and then poored into the receiving patch. This had a fixed volume (e.g., small perturbation = 6.75 ml) and was the same across all patch sizes. The experiment design consisted in crossing two disturbances with a small, medium, and large isolated ecosystems and with a small-small, medium-medium, large-large, and small-large meta-ecosystem. We took videos every four days and we create this perturbation and resource flow the day after taking videos. We skipped the perturbation the day after we assembled the experiment so that we would start perturbing it when population densities were already high.
We had mainly two research questions:
Do local properties of a patch depend upon the size of the patch it is connected to?
Do regional properties of a meta-ecosystem depend upon the relative size of its patch?
Design
Lab work
Creation of high-density monocultures
23/3/22 PPM for increasing the number of monocultures in the collection.
24/3/22 Collection control. See monoculture maintenance lab book p. 47.
26/3/22 Increase of number of monocultures in the collection. To do so, take the best culture and make 3 new ones. See monoculture maintenance lab book p. 47.
1/4/22 Make PPM for high density monocultures. See PatchSizePilot lab book p. 5.
3/4/22 Make bacterial solution for high density monocultures. See PatchSizePilot lab book p. 8.
5/4/22 Grow high density monocultures. Make 3 high density monocultures for each protist species with 200 ml with 5% bacterial solution, 85% PPM, 10% protists, and 2 seeds. See PatchSizePilot lab book p. 10
10/4/2022 Check high density monocultures. Cep, Eup, Spi, Spi te were really low.
13/4/2022 Start of the experiment. See PatchSizePilot p. 33.
Things I could have done better
- Autoclave all the material in advance
- Get more high-density monocultures
- Decide in advance the days in which you are going to check the high-density monocultures and prepare bacteria in advance for that day so that if some of them crashed you are still on time to make new ones.
- Use a single lab book for also when you create PPM and check the collection.
- Make a really high amount of PPM, as you will need for so many different things (>10 L). Maybe also autoclave 1 L Schott bottles so that you don’t have to oxygenate whole 5 L bottles of PPM. I think that I should have maybe made even a 10 L bottle of PPM.
- According to Silvana protists take 4-7 days to grow. The fastest is Tet (ca 4 days) and the slowest is Spi (ca 7 days). Once that you grow them they should stay at carrying capacity for a bit of time I guess, as you can see in the monoculture collection. I should make sure I’m growing them in the right way. I think that maybe I should grow them 10 days in advance so that I could actually grow also the slow species if they crashed. What should I do if all of them crashed?
Mixed effects models
To build the mixed effect models we will use the R package lme4. See page 6 of this PDF to know more about the syntaxis of this package and this link for the interaction syntaxis.
To do model diagnostics of mixed effect models, I’m going to look at the following two plots (as suggested by Zuur et al. (2009), page 487):
Quantile-quantile plots (
plot(mixed_model))Partial residual plots (
qqnorm(resid(mixed_model)))
The effect size of the explaining variables is calculated in the mixed effect models as marginal and conditional r squared. The marginal r squared is how much variance is explained by the fixed effects. The conditional r squared is how much variance is explained by the fixed and the random effects. The marginal and conditional r squared are calculated using the package
MuMIn. The computation is based on the methods of Nakagawa, Johnson, and Schielzeth (2017). For the coding and interpretation of these r squared check the documentation for the r.squaredGLMM functionTime can be included as a fixed or random effect. Time can be included as a random effect if the different data points are non independent from each other (e.g., seasons). However, because the biomass in our experiment was following a temporal trend, the different time points show autocorrelation. In other words, t2 is more similar to t3 than t4 and so on. This is why we decided to include time as a fixed effect. For an excellent discussion on this topic see this blog post.
Modeling choices
I am going to select the best model according to AIC. Halsey (2019) suggests this approach instead of p values. P-values are not a reliable way of choosing a model because:
My sample size is small, producing larger p-values
P-values are really variable, creating many false positives and negatives (e.g., if p=0.05 there is a 1 in 3 chance that it’s a false positive)
To study the local biomass how it changes across treatments, we could have made three different models between the three combinations of small patches. However, that might be confusing to interpret the results. We decided instead to use an effect size where we control is the isolated small patch. At the beginning we thought to use the natural logarithm of the response ratio (lnRR). The problem, however, is that some bioarea values were 0. We were thinking to add 1 to all null values, but according to Rosenberg, Rothstein, and Gurevitch (2013), such practice inflates effect sizes. Because of this, I looked into other types of effect size. I found that the most common and preferred metric in use today is known as Hedge’s d (a.k.a. Hedge’s g) (Hedges, Larry V. and Olkin (1985) ). It is calculated as the difference in mean between treatment and control divided by the standard deviation of the pooled data. Another measure would be Cohen’s d, but it underperforms with sample sizes that are lower than 20 (StatisticsHowTo). I can easily calculate the Hedge’s d using the r package
effsize.
Same thing for the large patches.
Data
Experimental treatments
Experimental cultures (culture_info)
This table contains information about the 110 cultures of the experiment.
culture_info = read.csv(here("data", "PatchSizePilot_culture_info.csv"), header = TRUE)datatable(culture_info[,1:10],
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))Biomass & abundance
Local biomass dataset (ds_biomass_abund)
This dataset is the master dataset containing all the information about the biomass of the experiment.
load(here("data", "population", "t0.RData")); t0 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t1.RData")); t1 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t2.RData")); t2 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t3.RData")); t3 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t4.RData")); t4 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t5.RData")); t5 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t6.RData")); t6 = pop_output
load(here("data", "population", "t7.RData")); t7 = pop_output
rm(pop_output)#Column: time
t0$time = NA
t1$time = NA
#Column: replicate_video
t0$replicate_video = 1:12 #In t1 I took 12 videos of a single
t1$replicate_video = 1 #In t1 I took only 1 video/culture
t2$replicate_video = 1 #In t2 I took only 1 video/culture
t3$replicate_video = 1 #In t3 I took only 1 video/culture
t4$replicate_video = 1 #In t4 I took only 1 video/culture
t5$replicate_video = 1 #In t5 I took only 1 video/culture
t6 = t6 %>%
rename(replicate_video = replicate)
t7 = t7 %>%
rename(replicate_video = replicate)#Elongate t0 (so that it can be merged wiht culture_info)
number_of_columns_t0 = ncol(t0)
nr_of_cultures = nrow(culture_info)
nr_of_videos = nrow(t0)
t0 = t0[rep(row.names(t0), nr_of_cultures),] %>%
arrange(file) %>%
mutate(culture_ID = rep(1:nr_of_cultures, times = nr_of_videos))
#Merge time points
t0 = merge(culture_info,t0, by="culture_ID")
t1 = merge(culture_info,t1, by = "culture_ID")
t2 = merge(culture_info,t2, by = "culture_ID")
t3 = merge(culture_info,t3, by = "culture_ID")
t4 = merge(culture_info,t4, by = "culture_ID")
t5 = merge(culture_info,t5, by = "culture_ID")
t6 = merge(culture_info,t6, by = "culture_ID")
t7 = merge(culture_info,t7, by = "culture_ID")
ds_biomass_abund = rbind(t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7)
rm(t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7)#Take off spilled cultures
ds_biomass_abund = ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(! culture_ID %in% ecosystems_to_take_off)
#Column: time_point
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t0"] = 0
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t1"] = 1
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t2"] = 2
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t3"] = 3
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t4"] = 4
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t5"] = 5
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t6"] = 6
ds_biomass_abund$time_point[ds_biomass_abund$time_point=="t7"] = 7
ds_biomass_abund$time_point = as.character(ds_biomass_abund$time_point)
#Column: day
ds_biomass_abund$day = NA
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 0] = 0
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 1] = 4
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 2] = 8
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 3] = 12
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 4] = 16
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 5] = 20
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 6] = 24
ds_biomass_abund$day[ds_biomass_abund$time_point== 7] = 28
#Column: size_of_connected_patch
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "S"] = "S"
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_S)"] = "S"
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"] = "L"
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "M (M_M)"] = "M"
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "L"] = "L"
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "L (L_L)"] = "L"
ds_biomass_abund$size_of_connected_patch[ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"] = "S"
#Column: bioarea_tot & biomass_tot
ds_biomass_abund = ds_biomass_abund %>%
mutate(bioarea_tot = bioarea_per_volume * patch_size_volume * 1000) %>% #Bioarea per volume is in micromitre, patch_size volume is in ml
mutate(indiv_tot = indiv_per_volume * patch_size_volume * 1000)
#Keep this dataset for the evaporation effects
ds_for_evaporation = ds_biomass_abund
ds_biomass_abund = ds_biomass_abund %>%
select(culture_ID,
patch_size,
patch_size_volume,
disturbance,
metaecosystem_type,
bioarea_per_volume,
replicate_video,
time_point,
day,
metaecosystem,
system_nr,
eco_metaeco_type,
size_of_connected_patch,
indiv_per_volume,
bioarea_tot,
indiv_tot) %>%
relocate(culture_ID,
system_nr,
disturbance,
time_point,
day,
patch_size,
patch_size_volume,
metaecosystem,
metaecosystem_type,
eco_metaeco_type,
size_of_connected_patch,
replicate_video,
bioarea_per_volume,
bioarea_tot,
indiv_per_volume,
indiv_tot)datatable(ds_biomass_abund,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))Regional biomass data set (ds_regional_biomass)
This is the dataset of the regional biomass of different
meta-ecosystems. It contains also the regional biomass of the
combination of a small isolated and a large isolated patch
(S_L_from_isolated).
ds_regional_biomass = ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "yes") %>%
filter(! system_nr %in% metaecosystems_to_take_off) %>%
group_by(culture_ID,
system_nr,
disturbance,
time_point,
day,
patch_size,
patch_size_volume,
metaecosystem_type) %>%
summarise(bioarea_per_volume_video_averaged = mean(bioarea_per_volume)) %>%
mutate(total_patch_bioarea = bioarea_per_volume_video_averaged * patch_size_volume) %>%
group_by(system_nr,
disturbance,
time_point,
day,
metaecosystem_type) %>%
summarise(total_regional_bioarea = sum(total_patch_bioarea))isolated_S_and_L = ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "S" | eco_metaeco_type == "L") %>%
group_by(system_nr, disturbance, time_point, day, eco_metaeco_type) %>%
summarise(bioarea_per_volume_across_videos = mean(bioarea_per_volume))
isolated_S_low = isolated_S_and_L %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "S") %>%
filter(disturbance == "low")
isolated_L_low = isolated_S_and_L %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "L") %>%
filter(disturbance == "low")
isolated_S_high = isolated_S_and_L %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "S") %>%
filter(disturbance == "high")
isolated_L_high = isolated_S_and_L %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "L") %>%
filter(disturbance == "high")
S_low_system_nrs = unique(isolated_S_low$system_nr)
S_high_system_nrs = unique(isolated_S_high$system_nr)
L_low_system_nrs = unique(isolated_L_low$system_nr)
L_high_system_nrs = unique(isolated_L_high$system_nr)
low_system_nrs_combination = expand.grid(S_low_system_nrs, L_low_system_nrs) %>%
mutate(disturbance = "low")
high_system_nrs_combination = expand.grid(S_high_system_nrs, L_high_system_nrs) %>%
mutate(disturbance = "high")
system_nr_combinations = rbind(low_system_nrs_combination, high_system_nrs_combination) %>%
rename(S_system_nr = Var1) %>%
rename(L_system_nr = Var2)
number_of_combinations = nrow(system_nr_combinations)
SL_from_isolated_all_combinations = NULL
for (pair in 1:number_of_combinations){
SL_from_isolated_one_combination =
ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(system_nr %in% system_nr_combinations[pair,]) %>%
group_by(disturbance, day, time_point, system_nr) %>%
summarise(regional_bioarea_across_videos = mean(bioarea_per_volume)) %>%
group_by(disturbance, day, time_point) %>%
summarise(total_regional_bioarea = sum(regional_bioarea_across_videos)) %>%
mutate(system_nr = 1000 + pair) %>%
mutate(metaecosystem_type = "S_L_from_isolated")
SL_from_isolated_all_combinations[[pair]] = SL_from_isolated_one_combination}
SL_from_isolated_all_combinations_together = NULL
for (combination in 1:number_of_combinations){
SL_from_isolated_all_combinations_together =
rbind(SL_from_isolated_all_combinations_together,
SL_from_isolated_all_combinations[[pair]])}
ds_regional_biomass = rbind(ds_regional_biomass, SL_from_isolated_all_combinations_together)datatable(ds_regional_biomass,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))Local biomass lnRR data-set
(ds_lnRR_bioarea_density)
eco_metaeco_types = unique(ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type)
single_row = NULL
row_n = 0
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
for (eco_metaeco_input in eco_metaeco_types){
for (time_point_input in 0:7){
row_n = row_n + 1
single_row[[row_n]] = ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == eco_metaeco_input) %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(time_point == time_point_input) %>%
group_by(culture_ID, eco_metaeco_type, patch_size, disturbance, time_point, day) %>%
summarise(bioarea_per_volume_across_videos = mean(bioarea_per_volume)) %>%
group_by(eco_metaeco_type, patch_size, disturbance, time_point, day) %>%
summarise(mean_bioarea_density = mean(bioarea_per_volume_across_videos))}}}
ds_lnRR_bioarea_density = single_row %>%
bind_rows()
for (patch_size_input in c("S", "M", "L")){
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
for (time_point_input in 0:7){
averaged_value_isolated_control = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == patch_size_input) %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(time_point == time_point_input) %>%
ungroup() %>%
select(mean_bioarea_density)
ds_lnRR_bioarea_density$isolated_control[
ds_lnRR_bioarea_density$patch_size == patch_size_input &
ds_lnRR_bioarea_density$disturbance == disturbance_input &
ds_lnRR_bioarea_density$time_point == time_point_input] =
averaged_value_isolated_control}}}## Warning: Unknown or uninitialised column: `isolated_control`.ds_lnRR_bioarea_density = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
mutate(isolated_control = as.numeric(isolated_control)) %>%
mutate(lnRR_bioarea_density = ln(mean_bioarea_density / isolated_control))datatable(ds_lnRR_bioarea_density,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))lnRR community density data-set
(ds_lnRR_community_density)
eco_metaeco_types = unique(ds_biomass_abund$eco_metaeco_type)
single_row = NULL
row_n = 0
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
for (eco_metaeco_input in eco_metaeco_types){
for (time_point_input in 0:7){
row_n = row_n + 1
single_row[[row_n]] = ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == eco_metaeco_input) %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(time_point == time_point_input) %>%
group_by(culture_ID, eco_metaeco_type, patch_size, disturbance, time_point, day) %>%
summarise(indiv_per_volume_across_videos = mean(indiv_per_volume)) %>%
group_by(eco_metaeco_type, patch_size, disturbance, time_point, day) %>%
summarise(mean_community_density = mean(indiv_per_volume_across_videos))}}}
ds_lnRR_community_density = single_row %>%
bind_rows()
for (patch_size_input in c("S", "M", "L")){
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
for (time_point_input in 0:7){
averaged_value_isolated_control = ds_lnRR_community_density %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == patch_size_input) %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(time_point == time_point_input) %>%
ungroup() %>%
select(mean_community_density)
ds_lnRR_community_density$isolated_control[
ds_lnRR_community_density$patch_size == patch_size_input &
ds_lnRR_community_density$disturbance == disturbance_input &
ds_lnRR_community_density$time_point == time_point_input] =
averaged_value_isolated_control}}}## Warning: Unknown or uninitialised column: `isolated_control`.ds_lnRR_community_density = ds_lnRR_community_density %>%
mutate(isolated_control = as.numeric(isolated_control)) %>%
mutate(lnRR_community_density = ln(mean_community_density / isolated_control))datatable(ds_lnRR_community_density,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))Body size data-set
culture_info = read.csv(here("data", "PatchSizePilot_culture_info.csv"), header = TRUE)
load(here("data", "morphology", "t0.RData"));t0 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t1.RData"));t1 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t2.RData"));t2 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t3.RData"));t3 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t4.RData"));t4 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t5.RData"));t5 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t6.RData"));t6 = morph_mvt
load(here("data", "morphology", "t7.RData"));t7 = morph_mvt
rm(morph_mvt)#Column: time
t0$time = NA
t1$time = NA
#Column: replicate_video
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00001"] = 1
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00002"] = 2
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00003"] = 3
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00004"] = 4
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00005"] = 5
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00006"] = 6
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00007"] = 7
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00008"] = 8
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00009"] = 9
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00010"] = 10
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00011"] = 11
t0$replicate_video[t0$file == "sample_00012"] = 12
t1$replicate_video = 1 #In t1 I took only 1 video/culture
t2$replicate_video = 1 #In t2 I took only 1 video/culture
t3$replicate_video = 1 #In t3 I took only 1 video/culture
t4$replicate_video = 1 #In t4 I took only 1 video/culture
t5$replicate_video = 1 #In t5 I took only 1 video/culture
t6 = t6 %>% rename(replicate_video = replicate)
t7 = t7 %>% rename(replicate_video = replicate)cultures_n = max(culture_info$culture_ID)
original_t0_rows = nrow(t0)
ID_vector = rep(1:cultures_n, each = original_t0_rows)
t0 = t0 %>%
slice(rep(1:n(), cultures_n)) %>%
mutate(culture_ID = ID_vector)
t0 = merge(culture_info, t0, by="culture_ID")
t1 = merge(culture_info, t1, by="culture_ID")
t2 = merge(culture_info, t2, by="culture_ID")
t3 = merge(culture_info, t3, by="culture_ID")
t4 = merge(culture_info, t4, by="culture_ID")
t5 = merge(culture_info, t5, by="culture_ID")
t6 = merge(culture_info, t6, by="culture_ID")
t7 = merge(culture_info, t7, by="culture_ID")
ds_body_size = rbind(t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7)
rm(t0, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7)#Column: day
ds_body_size$day = ds_body_size$time_point;
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t0"] = "0"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t1"] = "4"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t2"] = "8"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t3"] = "12"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t4"] = "16"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t5"] = "20"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t6"] = "24"
ds_body_size$day[ds_body_size$day=="t7"] = "28"
ds_body_size$day = as.numeric(ds_body_size$day)
#Column: time point
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t0"] = 0
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t1"] = 1
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t2"] = 2
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t3"] = 3
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t4"] = 4
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t5"] = 5
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t6"] = 6
ds_body_size$time_point[ds_body_size$time_point=="t7"] = 7
ds_body_size$time_point = as.character(ds_body_size$time_point)
#Select useful columns
ds_body_size = ds_body_size %>%
select(culture_ID,
patch_size,
disturbance,
metaecosystem_type,
mean_area,
replicate_video,
time_point,
day,
metaecosystem,
system_nr,
eco_metaeco_type)
#Reorder columns
ds_body_size = ds_body_size[, c("culture_ID",
"system_nr",
"disturbance",
"time_point",
"day",
"patch_size",
"metaecosystem",
"metaecosystem_type",
"eco_metaeco_type",
"replicate_video",
"mean_area")]datatable(ds_body_size,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))## Warning in instance$preRenderHook(instance): It seems your data is too big
## for client-side DataTables. You may consider server-side processing: https://
## rstudio.github.io/DT/server.htmlSize classes data-set
I am here creating 12 size classes as in Jacquet, Gounand, and Altermatt (2020). However, for some reason it seems like our body size classes are really different.
#### --- PARAMETERS & INITIALISATION --- ###
nr_of_size_classes = 12
largest_size = max(ds_body_size$mean_area)
size_class_width = largest_size/nr_of_size_classes
size_class = NULL
### --- CREATE DATASET --- ###
size_class_boundaries = seq(0, largest_size, by = size_class_width)
for (class in 1:nr_of_size_classes){
bin_lower_limit = size_class_boundaries[class]
bin_upper_limit = size_class_boundaries[class+1]
size_input = (size_class_boundaries[class] + size_class_boundaries[class + 1])/2
size_class[[class]] = ds_body_size%>%
filter(bin_lower_limit <= mean_area) %>%
filter(mean_area <= bin_upper_limit) %>%
group_by(culture_ID,
system_nr,
disturbance,
day,
patch_size,
metaecosystem,
metaecosystem_type,
eco_metaeco_type,
replicate_video) %>% #Group by video
summarise(mean_abundance_across_videos = n()) %>%
group_by(culture_ID,
system_nr,
disturbance,
day,
patch_size,
metaecosystem,
metaecosystem_type,
eco_metaeco_type) %>% #Group by ID
summarise(abundance = mean(mean_abundance_across_videos)) %>%
mutate(log_abundance = log(abundance)) %>%
mutate(size_class = class) %>%
mutate(size = size_input) %>%
mutate(log_size = log(size))
}
ds_classes = rbind(size_class[[1]], size_class[[2]], size_class[[3]], size_class[[4]],
size_class[[5]], size_class[[6]], size_class[[7]], size_class[[8]],
size_class[[9]], size_class[[10]], size_class[[11]], size_class[[12]],)
datatable(ds_classes,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))Median data-set (ds_median_body_size)
eco_metaeco_types = unique(culture_info$eco_metaeco_type)
ds_median_body_size = ds_body_size %>%
group_by(disturbance,
metaecosystem,
patch_size,
eco_metaeco_type,
culture_ID,
time_point,
day,
replicate_video) %>%
summarise(median_body_size = median(mean_area))datatable(ds_median_body_size,
rownames = FALSE,
options = list(scrollX = TRUE),
filter = list(position = 'top',
clear = FALSE))Biomass
Aim
Here I study how biomass density changes across treatments in the PatchSizePilot. In particular, my research questions are:
How does biomass density change regionally?
Do meta-ecosystems with the same total size but with patches that are either the same size or of different size have a different biomass density? (Do the medium-medium and small-large meta-ecosystems have different biomass density?)
And if they do, is it because of resource flow? Or would we see this also with small and large ecosystems that are not connected? (Do the small-large meta-ecosystems have different biomass density from two isolated small and large patches?)
- How does biomass density change locally?
- How does biomass density change according to the size to which the patch is connected? (Does a small patch connected to a small patch have the same biomass density than a small patch connected to a large patch? And does a large patch connected to a large patch have the same biomass density than a large patch connected to a small patch?)
Regional biomass
All meta-ecosystems
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(!metaecosystem_type == "S_L_from_isolated") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = interaction(day, metaecosystem_type),
fill = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Total bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large-large",
"medium-medium",
"small-large",
"small-small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.5,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
Medium-Medium vs Small-Large
Do meta-ecosystems with the same total size but with patches that are either the same size or of different size have a different biomass density? (Do the medium-medium and small-large meta-ecosystems have different biomass density?)
Plots
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter ( disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter (metaecosystem_type == "S_L" |
metaecosystem_type == "M_M") %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_line () +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "System nr",
color = "System nr",
linetype = "") +
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 30)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("medium-medium",
"small-large")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter (metaecosystem_type == "S_L" |
metaecosystem_type == "M_M") %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = interaction(day, metaecosystem_type),
fill = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)",
color = '',
fill = '') +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("medium-medium",
"small-large")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
Model time series
How does the biomass density of medium-medium and small-large meta-ecosystems differ across the time series? (The first two points before the first disturbance are taken off).
We will exclude in the model the time point 0 and 1. At time point 0 all cultures were the same because that’s how we made them. At time point 1 no disturbance event had already taken place.
Let’s see how linear is the time trend of bioarea and if we can make it more linear with a log10 transformation. We are lucky that during the modelling process we need to drop the first two time points, which would have made the biomass trend not linear.
Linearity of regional bioarea ~ time
ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(!metaecosystem_type == "S_L_from_isolated") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = day)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)")
linear_model = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
day,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(linear_model, which = 1:5)
Model selection
Let’ start from the full model.
\[ Total \: Regional \: Bioarea = t + M + D + tM + tD + MD + tDM + (t | system \: nr) \]
full = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance +
(day | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))Should we keep the correlation in
(day | system_nr)?
no_correlation = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance +
(day || system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))
anova(full, no_correlation)## Data: ds_regional_biomass %>% filter(time_point >= 2) %>% filter(metaecosystem_type == ...
## Models:
## no_correlation: total_regional_bioarea ~ day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance + ((1 | system_nr) + (0 + day | system_nr))
## full: total_regional_bioarea ~ day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance + (day | system_nr)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## no_correlation 11 2785.8 2816.5 -1381.9 2763.8
## full 12 2786.3 2819.8 -1381.2 2762.3 1.5333 1 0.2156No.
Should we keep the random effect of system nr on the time slopes
(day | system_nr)?
no_random_slopes = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance +
(1 | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))
anova(no_correlation, no_random_slopes)## Data: ds_regional_biomass %>% filter(time_point >= 2) %>% filter(metaecosystem_type == ...
## Models:
## no_random_slopes: total_regional_bioarea ~ day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## no_correlation: total_regional_bioarea ~ day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance + ((1 | system_nr) + (0 + day | system_nr))
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## no_random_slopes 10 2783.8 2811.7 -1381.9 2763.8
## no_correlation 11 2785.8 2816.5 -1381.9 2763.8 0 1 1No.
Should we keep t * M * D?
no_threeway = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day +
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
day : metaecosystem_type +
day : disturbance +
metaecosystem_type : disturbance +
(1 | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = 'optimx',
optCtrl = list(method = 'L-BFGS-B')))
anova(no_random_slopes, no_threeway)## Data: ds_regional_biomass %>% filter(time_point >= 2) %>% filter(metaecosystem_type == ...
## Models:
## no_threeway: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:metaecosystem_type + day:disturbance + metaecosystem_type:disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## no_random_slopes: total_regional_bioarea ~ day * metaecosystem_type * disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## no_threeway 9 2781.9 2807.0 -1382.0 2763.9
## no_random_slopes 10 2783.8 2811.7 -1381.9 2763.8 0.0948 1 0.7582No.
Should we keep t * M?
no_TM = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day +
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
day : disturbance +
metaecosystem_type : disturbance +
(1 | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))
anova(no_threeway,no_TM)## Data: ds_regional_biomass %>% filter(time_point >= 2) %>% filter(metaecosystem_type == ...
## Models:
## no_TM: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:disturbance + metaecosystem_type:disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## no_threeway: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:metaecosystem_type + day:disturbance + metaecosystem_type:disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## no_TM 8 2787.3 2809.6 -1385.7 2771.3
## no_threeway 9 2781.9 2807.0 -1382.0 2763.9 7.3941 1 0.006544 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Yes.
Should we keep t * D?
no_TD = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day +
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
day : metaecosystem_type +
metaecosystem_type : disturbance +
(1 | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))
anova(no_threeway, no_TD)## Data: ds_regional_biomass %>% filter(time_point >= 2) %>% filter(metaecosystem_type == ...
## Models:
## no_TD: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:metaecosystem_type + metaecosystem_type:disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## no_threeway: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:metaecosystem_type + day:disturbance + metaecosystem_type:disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## no_TD 8 2779.9 2802.2 -1382 2763.9
## no_threeway 9 2781.9 2807.0 -1382 2763.9 0.021 1 0.8847No.
Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day +
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
day : metaecosystem_type +
(1 | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))
anova(no_TD, no_MD)## Data: ds_regional_biomass %>% filter(time_point >= 2) %>% filter(metaecosystem_type == ...
## Models:
## no_MD: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:metaecosystem_type + (1 | system_nr)
## no_TD: total_regional_bioarea ~ day + metaecosystem_type + disturbance + day:metaecosystem_type + metaecosystem_type:disturbance + (1 | system_nr)
## npar AIC BIC logLik deviance Chisq Df Pr(>Chisq)
## no_MD 7 2778.3 2797.8 -1382.2 2764.3
## no_TD 8 2779.9 2802.2 -1382.0 2763.9 0.3541 1 0.5518No.
Best model
Therefore, our best model is:
\[ Regional \: bioarea = t + M + D + tM + (1 | system \: nr) \]
best_model = no_MDLet’s do some model diagnostics:
plot(best_model)
qqnorm(resid(best_model))
The R squared of this model for t2-t7 are:
R2_marginal = r.squaredGLMM(best_model)[1]
R2_marginal = round(R2_marginal, digits = 2)
R2_conditional = r.squaredGLMM(best_model)[2]
R2_conditional = round(R2_conditional, digits = 2)Marginal R2 = 0.76
Conditional R2 = 0.78
Let’s just assume that this model holds also for t2-t5. Then, let’s recalculate the R squared.
t2_t5 = lmer(total_regional_bioarea ~
day +
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
day : metaecosystem_type +
(1 | system_nr),
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point >= 2) %>%
filter(time_point <= 5) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"),
REML = FALSE,
control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead"))
plot(t2_t5)
qqnorm(resid(t2_t5))
R2_marginal = r.squaredGLMM(t2_t5)[1]
R2_marginal = round(R2_marginal, digits = 2)
R2_conditional = r.squaredGLMM(t2_t5)[2]
R2_conditional = round(R2_conditional, digits = 2)The R squared of this model for t2-t5 are:
Marginal R2 = 0.6
Conditional R2 = 0.61
### --- Work in progress: calculating R2 of M --- ###
R2_regional = partR2(best_model,
partvars = c("day",
"metaecosystem_type",
"disturbance"),
R2_type = "marginal",
nboot = 1000,
CI = 0.95)
saveRDS(R2_regional, file = here("results", "biomass", "R2_regional.RData"))readRDS(here("results", "biomass", "R2_regional.RData"))Model single points
How does the biomass density of medium-medium and small-large meta-ecosystems differ for each time point? (The first two points before the first disturbance are taken off).
Let’s now look at the full model and see if we should keep the interaction between meta-ecosystem type and disturbance. We are not using mixed effects because a certain system nr can’t be at different perturbations or at different meta-ecosystem types.
\[ Total \: Regional \: Bioarea = M + D + MD \]
Time point = 2
chosen_time_point = 2full = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
metaecosystem_type * disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
AIC(full,no_MD)## df AIC
## full 5 482.5831
## no_MD 4 481.5121No.
best_model = no_MD
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_M = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
R2_no_M = glance(no_M)$r.squared
R2_M = R2_full - R2_no_M
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_M = round(R2_M, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.17 and the adjusted R squared of patch type is 0.16.
Time point = 3
chosen_time_point = 3full = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
metaecosystem_type * disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
AIC(full,no_MD)## df AIC
## full 5 467.0762
## no_MD 4 468.2493Yes.
best_model = full
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_M = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
R2_no_M = glance(no_M)$r.squared
R2_M = R2_full - R2_no_M
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_M = round(R2_M, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.61 and the adjusted R squared of patch type is 0.36 (which includes also the interaction with disturbance).
Time point = 4
chosen_time_point = 4full = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
metaecosystem_type * disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
AIC(full,no_MD)## df AIC
## full 5 472.5856
## no_MD 4 471.0777No.
best_model = no_MD
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_M = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
R2_no_M = glance(no_M)$r.squared
R2_M = R2_full - R2_no_M
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_M = round(R2_M, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.21 and the adjusted R squared of patch type is 0.02.
Time point = 5
chosen_time_point = 5full = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
metaecosystem_type * disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
AIC(full,no_MD)## df AIC
## full 5 466.1591
## no_MD 4 464.1787No.
best_model = no_MD
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_M = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
R2_no_M = glance(no_M)$r.squared
R2_M = R2_full - R2_no_M
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_M = round(R2_M, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.31 and the adjusted R squared of patch type is 0.02.
Time point = 6
chosen_time_point = 6full = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
metaecosystem_type * disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
AIC(full,no_MD)## df AIC
## full 5 439.5165
## no_MD 4 438.0414No.
best_model = no_MD
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_M = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
R2_no_M = glance(no_M)$r.squared
R2_M = R2_full - R2_no_M
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_M = round(R2_M, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.45 and the adjusted R squared of patch type is 0.
Time point = 7
chosen_time_point = 7full = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance +
metaecosystem_type * disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))Should we keep M * D?
no_MD = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
metaecosystem_type +
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
AIC(full,no_MD)## df AIC
## full 5 427.4663
## no_MD 4 425.6015No.
best_model = no_MD
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_M = lm(total_regional_bioarea ~
disturbance,
data = ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(time_point == chosen_time_point) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "M_M" | metaecosystem_type == "S_L"))
R2_no_M = glance(no_M)$r.squared
R2_M = R2_full - R2_no_M
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_M = round(R2_M, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.59 and the adjusted R squared of patch type is 0.02.
Small-Large vs Small-Large from isolated
Do a meta-ecosystem with patches of the same size and a meta-ecosystems with patches of different size have different regional biomass density because of their resource flow? Or would we see this also with small and large ecosystems that are not connected? (Do the small-large meta-ecosystems have different biomass density from two isolated small and large patches?)
Plots
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter ( disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter (metaecosystem_type == "S_L" |
metaecosystem_type == "S_L_from_isolated") %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_line () +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "System nr",
color = "System nr",
linetype = "") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 6250)) +
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 30)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("small-large",
"small-large \n from isolated")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}## Warning: Removed 40 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).
## Warning: Removed 40 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(metaecosystem_type == "S_L" |
metaecosystem_type == "S_L_from_isolated") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = interaction(day, metaecosystem_type),
fill = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Disturbance = low",
x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "") +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("small-large", "isolated small & \n isolated large")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
Modelling
Meta-ecosystems of different total size
How does the biomass density of meta-ecosystems change according to the size of their patches?
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter (disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(!metaecosystem_type == "S_L") %>%
filter(!metaecosystem_type == "S_L_from_isolated") %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_line () +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "System nr",
linetype = "") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 6250)) +
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 30)) +
scale_colour_continuous(guide = "none") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("large-large",
"medium-medium",
"small-small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}## Warning: Removed 110 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).
## Warning: Removed 104 row(s) containing missing values (geom_path).
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_regional_biomass %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(!metaecosystem_type == "S_L") %>%
filter(!metaecosystem_type == "S_L_from_isolated") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = total_regional_bioarea,
group = interaction(day, metaecosystem_type),
fill = metaecosystem_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Disturbance = low",
x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "") +
#scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("isolated large", "isolated medium", "isolated small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large-large",
"medium-medium",
"small-small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
Interesting. It seems like there’s not much difference between the medium-medium and the large-large.
Local biomass
All patches
Bioarea density
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
group_by(culture_ID, disturbance, day, eco_metaeco_type) %>%
summarise(bioarea_per_volume_video_averaged = mean(bioarea_per_volume)) %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume_video_averaged,
group = interaction(day, eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/µl)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
# legend.position = c(.99, .999),
# legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
# legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small",
"medium isolated",
"medium connected to medium",
"small isolated",
"small connected to large",
"small connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.6,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
Total bioarea
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
group_by(culture_ID, system_nr, disturbance, time_point, day, patch_size, patch_size_volume, eco_metaeco_type) %>%
summarise(bioarea_tot_video_averaged = mean(bioarea_tot)) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_tot_video_averaged,
group = interaction(day, eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Total patch bioarea (µm²)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
# legend.position = c(.99, .999),
# legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
# legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small",
"medium isolated",
"medium connected to medium",
"small isolated",
"small connected to large",
"small connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.6,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
Small patches
How does biomass density change according to the size to which the patch is connected? (Does a small patch connected to a small patch have the same biomass density than a small patch connected to a large patch?)
Plots
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "S") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = culture_ID,
fill = culture_ID,
color = culture_ID,
linetype = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_line(stat = "summary", fun = "mean") +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/μl)",
linetype = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("small isolated",
"small connected to small",
"small connected to large")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "S") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = interaction(day,eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/μl)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("small isolated",
"small connected to small",
"small connected to large")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype = "dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = lnRR_bioarea_density,
color = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_point(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
geom_line(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "lnRR local bioarea (µm²/µl)",
color = "") +
#geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lnRR_lower,
# ymax = lnRR_upper),
# width = .2,
# position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
scale_color_discrete(labels = c("small connected to large",
"small connnected to small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.40, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
#geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
# linetype="dotdash",
# color = "grey",
# size=0.7) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0,
linetype = "dotted",
color = "black",
size = 0.7))}
Time series
Model selection
Let’s start from the full model (no mixed effect: meta-ecosystems have been pulled to create the lnRR):
\[ ln \: RR (bioarea \: density) = t + P + D + t*P + t*D + P*D \]
lnRR(bioarea density) = lnRR of the bioarea density (base level is calculated at each disturbance level and time point as the mean bioarea of the small isolated patches)
t = time
P = patch type
D = disturbance
We will exclude in the model the time point 0 and 1. At time point 0 all cultures were the same because that’s how we made them. At time point 1 no disturbance event had already taken place.
first_time_point = 2
last_time_point = 7full_model = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))Should we keep t * P?
no_TP = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
AIC(full_model, no_TP)## df AIC
## full_model 8 24.84130
## no_TP 7 27.74984Yes.
Should we keep t * D?
no_TD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
AIC(full_model, no_TD)## df AIC
## full_model 8 24.84130
## no_TD 7 23.92423No.
Should we keep P * D?
no_PD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
AIC(no_TD, no_PD)## df AIC
## no_TD 7 23.92423
## no_PD 6 23.17608No.
Best model
Then our best model is:
\[ lnRR (bioarea \: density) = t + P + D + t*P \]
Let’s then do some model diagnostics.
best_model = no_PD
par(mfrow = c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_patch_type = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
R2_no_P = glance(no_patch_type)$r.squared
R2_P = R2_full - R2_no_P
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_P = round(R2_P, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.73 and the adjusted R squared
of patch type is 0.23 (which includes also its interaction with
disturbance).
Single time points
Large patches
How does biomass density change according to the size to which the patch is connected? (Does a large patch connected to a large patch have the same biomass density than a large patch connected to a small patch?)
Plots
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "L") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_line(stat = "summary", fun = "mean") +
labs(x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/μl)",
title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
linetype = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size = 0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "L") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = interaction(day,eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/μl)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "L (L_L)" | eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = lnRR_bioarea_density,
color = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_point(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
geom_line(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "lnRR local bioarea (µm²/µl)",
color = "") +
#geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lnRR_lower,
# ymax = lnRR_upper),
# width = .2,
# position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
scale_color_discrete(labels = c("large connected to large",
"large connnected to small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.90, .97),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
# geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
# linetype="dotdash",
# color = "grey",
# size=0.7) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0,
linetype = "dotted",
color = "black",
size = 0.7))}
Time series
Model selection
We will exclude in the model the time point 0 and 1. At time point 0 all cultures were the same because that’s how we made them. At time point 1 no disturbance event had already taken place.
first_time_point = 2
last_time_point = 7Let’s start from the full model (no mixed effect: meta-ecosystems have been pulled to create the lnRR):
\[ ln \: RR (bioarea \: density) = t + P + D + t*P + t*D + P*D \]
lnRR(bioarea density) = lnRR of the bioarea density (base level is calculated at each disturbance level and time point as the mean bioarea of the small isolated patches)
t = time
P = patch type
D = disturbance
full_model = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))Should we keep t * P?
no_TP = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
AIC(full_model, no_TP)## df AIC
## full_model 8 -14.61156
## no_TP 7 -15.87655No.
Should we keep t * D?
no_TD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
AIC(no_TP, no_TD)## df AIC
## no_TP 7 -15.87655
## no_TD 6 -12.78946Yes.
Should we keep P * D?
no_PD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
AIC(no_TP, no_PD)## df AIC
## no_TP 7 -15.87655
## no_PD 6 -16.03254No.
Best model
Then our best model is:
\[ lnRR (bioarea \: density) = t + P + D + tP \]
Let’s then do some model diagnostics.
best_model = no_PD
par(mfrow = c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_patch_type = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
disturbance +
day * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
R2_no_P = glance(no_patch_type)$r.squared
R2_P = R2_full - R2_no_P
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_P = round(R2_P, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.56 and the adjusted R squared
of patch type is 0.11 (which includes also its interaction with
disturbance).
Single time points
Isolated patches
How does biomass density change according to the size of isolated patches? (How does the biomass of small, medium, and large patches change?)
ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter ( disturbance == "low") %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "no") %>%
group_by (system_nr, day, patch_size) %>%
summarise(mean_bioarea_per_volume_across_videos = mean(bioarea_per_volume)) %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = mean_bioarea_per_volume_across_videos,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = patch_size)) +
geom_line () +
labs(x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²/µl)",
title = "Disturbance = low",
fill = "System nr",
linetype = "") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 6250)) +
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 30)) +
scale_colour_continuous(guide = "none") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"medium isolated",
"small isolated"))
ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter ( disturbance == "high") %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "no") %>%
group_by (system_nr, day, patch_size) %>%
summarise(mean_bioarea_per_volume_across_videos = mean(bioarea_per_volume)) %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = mean_bioarea_per_volume_across_videos,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = patch_size)) +
geom_line () +
labs(x = "Day",
y = "Regional bioarea (µm²/µl)",
title = "Disturbance = low",
fill = "System nr",
linetype = "") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 6250)) +
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 30)) +
scale_colour_continuous(guide = "none") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"medium isolated",
"small isolated"))
ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == "low") %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "no") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = interaction(day, patch_size),
fill = patch_size)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Disturbance = low",
x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/μl)",
fill = "") +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("isolated large", "isolated medium", "isolated small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6))
ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == "high") %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "no") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = interaction(day, patch_size),
fill = patch_size)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = "Disturbance = high",
x = "Day",
y = "Local bioarea (µm²/μl)",
fill = "") +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("isolated large", "isolated medium", "isolated small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6))
Abundance
Aim
Here I study how community abundance changes across patches in the PatchSizePilot. In particular, how does community abundance change according to the size to which the patch is connected? (Does a small patch connected to a small patch have the same community abundance than a small patch connected to a large patch? And does a large patch connected to a large patch have the same community abundance than a large patch connected to a small patch?)
All patches
Community density
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
group_by(culture_ID, disturbance, day, eco_metaeco_type) %>%
summarise(indiv_per_volume = mean(indiv_per_volume)) %>% #Average across videos
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = indiv_per_volume,
group = interaction(day, eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/µl)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
# legend.position = c(.99, .999),
# legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
# legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small",
"medium isolated",
"medium connected to medium",
"small isolated",
"small connected to large",
"small connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.6,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))
}
Total community abundance
ds_abundance_total = ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(!culture_ID %in% ecosystems_to_take_off) %>%
group_by(culture_ID,
system_nr,
disturbance,
time_point,
day,
patch_size,
patch_size_volume,
eco_metaeco_type) %>%
summarise(indiv_per_volume_video_averaged = mean(indiv_per_volume)) %>%
mutate(total_patch_bioarea = indiv_per_volume_video_averaged * patch_size_volume)
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_abundance_total %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = total_patch_bioarea,
group = interaction(day, eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community abundance (individuals)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
# legend.position = c(.99, .999),
# legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
# legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small",
"medium isolated",
"medium connected to medium",
"small isolated",
"small connected to large",
"small connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.6,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))
}
Small patches
How does community abundance change according to the size to which the patch is connected? (Does a small patch connected to a small patch have the same community abundance than a small patch connected to a large patch?)
Plots
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "S") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = culture_ID,
fill = culture_ID,
color = culture_ID,
linetype = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_line(stat = "summary", fun = "mean") +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/μl)",
linetype = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("small isolated",
"small connected to small",
"small connected to large")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))
}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "S") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = bioarea_per_volume,
group = interaction(day,eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/μl)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("small isolated",
"small connected to small",
"small connected to large")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))
}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_S)" | eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = lnRR_bioarea_density,
color = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_point(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
geom_line(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "lnRR Community density (individuals/μl)",
color = "") +
#geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lnRR_lower,
# ymax = lnRR_upper),
# width = .2,
# position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
scale_color_discrete(labels = c("small connected to large",
"small connnected to small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.40, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
#geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
# linetype="dotdash",
# color = "grey",
# size=0.7) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0,
linetype="dotted",
color = "black",
size=0.7))
}
Time series
Model selection
Let’s start from the full model (no mixed effect: meta-ecosystems have been pulled to create the lnRR):
\[ ln \: RR (community \: density) = t + P + D + t*P + t*D + P*D \]
lnRR(bioarea density) = lnRR of the bioarea density (base level is calculated at each disturbance level and time point as the mean bioarea of the small isolated patches)
t = time
P = patch type
D = disturbance
We will exclude in the model the time point 0 and 1. At time point 0 all cultures were the same because that’s how we made them. At time point 1 no disturbance event had already taken place.
first_time_point = 2
last_time_point = 7full_model = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))Should we keep t * P?
no_TP = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
AIC(full_model, no_TP)## df AIC
## full_model 8 24.84130
## no_TP 7 27.74984Yes.
Should we keep t * D?
no_TD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
AIC(full_model, no_TD)## df AIC
## full_model 8 24.84130
## no_TD 7 23.92423No.
Should we keep P * D?
no_PD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
AIC(no_TD, no_PD)## df AIC
## no_TD 7 23.92423
## no_PD 6 23.17608No.
Best model
Then our best model is:
\[ lnRR (community \: density) = t + P + D + t*P \]
Let’s then do some model diagnostics.
best_model = no_PD
par(mfrow = c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_patch_type = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "S (S_S)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "S (S_L)"))
R2_no_P = glance(no_patch_type)$r.squared
R2_P = R2_full - R2_no_P
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_P = round(R2_P, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.73 and the adjusted R squared
of patch type is 0.23 (which includes also its interaction with
disturbance).
Single time points
Large patches
How does community abundance change according to the size to which the patch is connected? (Does a large patch connected to a large patch have the same community abundance than a large patch connected to a small patch?)
Plots
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")) {
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "L") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = indiv_per_volume,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_line(stat = "summary", fun = "mean") +
labs(x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/μl)",
title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
linetype = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == "L") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = indiv_per_volume,
group = interaction(day,eco_metaeco_type),
fill = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/μl)",
fill = "") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to small")) +
geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
linetype="dotdash",
color = "grey",
size=0.7) +
labs(caption = "Vertical grey line: first perturbation"))
}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type == "L (L_L)" | eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = lnRR_bioarea_density,
color = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_point(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
geom_line(position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "lnRR community density (individuals/µl)",
color = "") +
#geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = lnRR_lower,
# ymax = lnRR_upper),
# width = .2,
# position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
scale_color_discrete(labels = c("large connected to large",
"large connnected to small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.90, .97),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
# geom_vline(xintercept = first_perturbation_day + 0.7,
# linetype="dotdash",
# color = "grey",
# size=0.7) +
geom_hline(yintercept = 0,
linetype="dotted",
color = "black",
size=0.7))
}
Time series
Model selection
We will exclude in the model the time point 0 and 1. At time point 0 all cultures were the same because that’s how we made them. At time point 1 no disturbance event had already taken place.
first_time_point = 2
last_time_point = 7Let’s start from the full model (no mixed effect: meta-ecosystems have been pulled to create the lnRR):
\[ ln \: RR (community \: density) = t + P + D + t*P + t*D + P*D \]
lnRR(bioarea density) = lnRR of the bioarea density (base level is calculated at each disturbance level and time point as the mean bioarea of the small isolated patches)
t = time
P = patch type
D = disturbance
full_model = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * eco_metaeco_type +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))Should we keep t * P?
no_TP = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
AIC(full_model, no_TP)## df AIC
## full_model 8 -14.61156
## no_TP 7 -15.87655No.
Should we keep t * D?
no_TD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
eco_metaeco_type * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
AIC(no_TP, no_TD)## df AIC
## no_TP 7 -15.87655
## no_TD 6 -12.78946Yes.
Should we keep P * D?
no_PD = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
eco_metaeco_type +
disturbance +
day * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
AIC(no_TP, no_PD)## df AIC
## no_TP 7 -15.87655
## no_PD 6 -16.03254No.
Best model
Then our best model is:
\[ lnRR (community \: density) = t + P + D + tP \]
Let’s then do some model diagnostics.
best_model = no_PD
par(mfrow = c(2,3))
plot(best_model, which = 1:5)
R2_full = glance(best_model)$r.squared
no_patch_type = lm(lnRR_bioarea_density ~
day +
disturbance +
day * disturbance,
data = ds_lnRR_bioarea_density %>%
filter(time_point >= first_time_point) %>%
filter(time_point <= last_time_point) %>%
filter(eco_metaeco_type== "L (L_L)" |
eco_metaeco_type == "L (S_L)"))
R2_no_P = glance(no_patch_type)$r.squared
R2_P = R2_full - R2_no_P
R2_full = round(R2_full, digits = 2)
R2_P = round(R2_P, digits = 2)
The adjusted R squared of the model is 0.56 and the adjusted R squared
of patch type is 0.11 (which includes also its interaction with
disturbance).
Single time points
Isolated patches
How does community abundance change according to the size of isolated patches? (How does the biomass of small, medium, and large patches change?)
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter ( disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "no") %>%
group_by (system_nr, day, patch_size) %>%
summarise(mean_indiv_per_volume_across_videos = mean(indiv_per_volume)) %>%
ggplot (aes(x = day,
y = mean_indiv_per_volume_across_videos,
group = system_nr,
fill = system_nr,
color = system_nr,
linetype = patch_size)) +
geom_line () +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/µl)",
fill = "System nr",
linetype = "") +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 6250)) +
scale_x_continuous(limits = c(-2, 30)) +
scale_colour_continuous(guide = "none") +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
scale_linetype_discrete(labels = c("large isolated",
"medium isolated",
"small isolated")))}
for (disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
print(ds_biomass_abund %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(metaecosystem == "no") %>%
ggplot(aes(x = day,
y = indiv_per_volume,
group = interaction(day, patch_size),
fill = patch_size)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(title = paste("Disturbance =", disturbance_input),
x = "Day",
y = "Community density (individuals/μl)",
fill = "") +
scale_fill_discrete(labels = c("isolated large",
"isolated medium",
"isolated small")) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)))}
Body size
Aim
…
Body size distribution
#Takes about 7 minutes to run
start = Sys.time()
p = list()
n = 0
first_level = c("isolated small",
"isolated small",
"isolated large",
"isolated large")
second_level = c("small connected to small",
"small connected to small",
"large connected to large",
"large connected to large")
third_level = c("small connected to large",
"small connected to large",
"large connected to small",
"large connected to small")
for (patch_size_input in c("S", "L")){
for(disturbance_input in c("low", "high")){
n = n + 1
title = paste(patch_size_input,
"patches, Disturbance =",
disturbance_input,
", Day: {round(frame_time, digits = 0)}")
p[[n]] <- ds_classes %>%
filter(disturbance == disturbance_input) %>%
filter(patch_size == patch_size_input) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = log_size,
y = log_abundance,
group = interaction(log_size, eco_metaeco_type),
color = eco_metaeco_type)) +
geom_point(stat = "summary", fun = "mean") +
geom_line(stat = "summary", fun = "mean", aes(group=eco_metaeco_type)) +
scale_color_discrete(labels = c(first_level[n],
second_level[n],
third_level[n])) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
legend.position = c(.95, .95),
legend.justification = c("right", "top"),
legend.box.just = "right",
legend.margin = margin(6, 6, 6, 6)) +
labs(title = title,
x = 'Log size (μm2)',
y = 'Log abundance + 1 (indiv/μm2)',
color = "") +
transition_time(day) +
ease_aes('linear')
animate(p[[n]],
duration = 20,
fps = 25,
width = 500,
height = 500,
renderer = gifski_renderer())
file_name = paste0("transition_day_",patch_size_input,"_",disturbance_input,".gif")
anim_save(here("gifs", file_name))
}
}
end = Sys.time()
running_time = end - startSmall patches
Large patches
include_graphics(here("gifs", "transition_day_L_low.gif"))
include_graphics(here("gifs", "transition_day_L_high.gif"))